This knowledge area forms the core of structural engineering practice. It involves understanding how different structural systems behave under applied loads and how internal forces are transferred through the structure to the foundations. Structural engineers must be able to model, analyze, and interpret the behavior of slabs, beams, columns, and walls under various load scenarios—including dead, live, wind, and seismic loads. Mastery of this area enables engineers to select appropriate structural systems, ensure stability, verify strength and serviceability, and optimize material use. It also supports the accurate application of load combinations and safety factors in compliance with design codes. A solid grasp of structural behavior is essential from the concept phase through to detailed design and construction support.