Finishes and materials are essential elements that shape both the visual identity and functional performance of a building. They define the tactile and visual qualities of interior and exterior spaces, influence user experience, and contribute to long-term durability and maintenance efficiency. Selection of finishes must be based on a balance of design intent, technical performance, and suitability for the intended use of each space.

Architects must consider a wide range of criteria when selecting materials, including aesthetics, safety, sustainability, maintenance, fire resistance, and environmental response. The choice of finishes also affects acoustics, lighting behavior, and thermal comfort. Inappropriate material use can lead to premature failure, increased operational costs, or code noncompliance.

This section outlines the key categories of finishes, their performance requirements, and best practices for material selection and specification. It provides guidance on how to align finishes with spatial function, occupant needs, project context, and technical coordination across all design disciplines.